The Southern economy was almost entirely based on farming. Rice, indigo, tobacco, sugarcane, and cotton were cash crops. Crops were grown on large plantations where slaves and indentured servants worked the land. This activity can be copied directly into your Google Classroom, where you can use it for practice, as an assessment, or, to collect data. Upgrade to MrN to access our entire library of incredible educational resources and teacher tools in an ad-free environment.
If you like MrNussbaum. This led to a food shortage; at the same time, many agricultural workers lost their jobs. The 16th century was also the age of mercantilism, an extremely competitive economic philosophy that pushed European nations to acquire as many colonies as they could. As a result, for the most part, the English colonies in North America were business ventures.
The first English settlement in North America had actually been established some 20 years before, in , when a group of colonists 91 men, 17 women and nine children led by Sir Walter Raleigh settled on the island of Roanoke. Mysteriously, by the Roanoke colony had vanished entirely. Historians still do not know what became of its inhabitants. In , just a few months after James I issued its charter, the London Company sent men to Virginia on three ships: the Godspeed, the Discovery and the Susan Constant.
They reached the Chesapeake Bay in the spring of and headed about 60 miles up the James River, where they built a settlement they called Jamestown. The Jamestown colonists had a rough time of it: They were so busy looking for gold and other exportable resources that they could barely feed themselves. The first enslaved African arrived in Virginia in In , the English crown granted about 12 million acres of land at the top of the Chesapeake Bay to Cecilius Calvert, the second Lord Baltimore.
This colony, named Maryland after the queen, was similar to Virginia in many ways. Its landowners produced tobacco on large plantations that depended on the labor of indentured servants and later enslaved workers.
Maryland became known for its policy of religious toleration for all. The first English emigrants to what would become the New England colonies were a small group of Puritan separatists, later called the Pilgrims, who arrived in Plymouth in to found Plymouth Colony. Ten years later, a wealthy syndicate known as the Massachusetts Bay Company sent a much larger and more liberal group of Puritans to establish another Massachusetts settlement.
With the help of local natives, the colonists soon got the hang of farming, fishing and hunting, and Massachusetts prospered. As the Massachusetts settlements expanded, they generated new colonies in New England. Puritans who thought that Massachusetts was not pious enough formed the colonies of Connecticut and New Haven the two combined in In , King Charles II gave the territory between New England and Virginia, much of which was already occupied by Dutch traders and landowners called patroons, to his brother James, the Duke of York.
This made New York one of the most diverse and prosperous colonies in the New World. In , the king granted 45, square miles of land west of the Delaware River to William Penn, a Quaker who owned large swaths of land in Ireland. Lured by the fertile soil and the religious toleration that Penn promised, people migrated there from all over Europe.
Like their Puritan counterparts in New England, most of these emigrants paid their own way to the colonies—they were not indentured servants—and had enough money to establish themselves when they arrived. Their environment was ideal for small to large farms. The coastal lowland and bays provided harbors, thus the middle colonies were able to provide trading opportunities where the three regions meet in market towns and cities.
The Southern colonies had fertile farmlands which contributed to the rise of cash crops such as rice, tobacco, and indigo. Plantations developed as nearly subsistent communities. Slavery allowed wealthy aristocrats and large landowners to cultivate huge tracts of land. Notable differences are found in the way social life was structured among regions. For the people of the South, life emerged as rugged and rural while people of the North are heavily connected to the Church and village community.
These cultural differences remained and shaped some of the confrontations that needed to be addressed during the Civil War. How did climate, geographic features, and other available resources distinguish the three colonial regions from each other? How did people use the natural resources of their region to earn a living or have their basic needs met? What are the benefits of specialization and trade? How did political and social life evolve in each of the three regions?
Students will demonstrate knowledge of their assigned region by creating a rough draft of a poster or brochure that will describe life in the colonial age. Students will provide details on how people interacted with their environment to produce goods and services. In order to exceed the Standard, student will need to include an example of interdependence among the regional economies. The student creation will be graded on a four-point formative rubric scale.
Hyde, Sir Thomas. A Plan of the town of Boston. Washington, D. Habermann, Franz Xaver. Vue de Boston. Augsbourg: Image of New England fishermen from a late 19th-century history book. Shows evidence of fishing industry and ruggedness of the environment.
Tisdale, Elkanah. Town Meeting. Carwitham, J. Etching hand colored. Hill, John.
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