The data provides a fuller picture of the audiences of traditional mastheads, though it does not include data for digital-only titles such as Nine's The Brisbane Times. Roy Morgan has supplied Fact Check with totals covering the 12 major dailies and their weekend editions for the year to December , split according to newspaper owner. This data counts people who read multiple newspapers owned by the same company only once during each four-week period.
That compares with Notably, News Corp's audience will be slightly understated as the figures do not include digital audiences for NT News. The published data for December shows that, thanks to their significant online audiences, the most popular individual mastheads were Nine's Sydney Morning Herald and The Age. The Canberra University survey suggests News Corp owned five of the 10 most popular Australian digital news brands in , based on the number of people who accessed news sources over a one-week period.
Those brands include news. Guardian Australia was the sole "digital native" to make the top ten other than News Corp and ABC brands, though the data does not include "offline" audiences for other television or newspaper brands.
It's also worth noting that the survey found several of News Corp's most popular brands The Daily Telegraph , Herald Sun and Sky News Australia were among the least trusted sources for news. Separately, audience analytics company Nielsen collects data on the number of Australians who access domestic news websites and apps each month.
It supplied Fact Check with figures showing the total "unduplicated unique audience" for the various news websites owned by each of the four big players. This means people who visit multiple websites owned by the same company, or visit them multiple times, will only be counted once. The data shows News Corp websites collectively reached Nielsen also publishes monthly audience data for these companies' individual news websites.
Its December data shows that news. Coming in behind ABC News For completeness, Fact Check has also analysed the published data as averages over the six months to January inclusive. This put news. Sky News Australia broadcasts multiple channels through the subscription television service Foxtel, which is also majority owned by News Corp.
At the time of publishing, its main news channel was available in regional areas through the WIN Network. However, there is speculation the agreement between Sky and WIN will not be renewed when it expires in August , after the regional network signed a new deal to broadcast content from Nine Entertainment. Sky News' offerings represent Australia's only hour news channels outside ABC News, though the station also competes with news-producing free-to-air stations.
The Canberra University survey results show that Australians in were far more likely to get their news from free-to-air broadcasters such as ABC, Channel 7 or Channel 9 than from Sky.
According to its website, VOZ began producing test data in which is not yet publicly available. This measures the number of unique viewers who watched at least five consecutive minutes of a given channel each week. Figures for separate channels cannot be combined to produce an overall figure. The data shows that Sky News Live was watched by an average of , viewers per week in , among all households in five capital cities.
To put all this data in context, the ABC News channel reached an average of 3. This figure for pay TV households cannot be compared directly to ABC News's national audience all households , but it suggests Mr Murdoch's influence over the airwaves is far smaller than its most direct competitor. News Corp brands are increasing their reach on social media as more Australians are using these platforms for news. Fact Check has analysed audience data for media accounts on what Canberra University found were the two most popular platforms: Facebook used by 39 per cent of news consumers and YouTube 21 per cent.
This analysis considers direct reach, measured by account followers or subscribers, but also YouTube video views and Facebook shares. Axel Bruns, a Queensland University of Technology professor of digital media research, told Fact Check that indirect reach such as shares "might be as or more significant" than direct reach, as "research shows that users pay more attention to the content shared by their friends". Importantly, the data analysed does not show whether audiences were in Australia or overseas.
Fact Check has analysed 65 Australian media accounts using data from CrowdTangle, a public insights tool owned and operated by Facebook. The data covers the period before Facebook's temporary ban on Australian news content.
The results show that on this platform three official News Corp accounts had amassed more than one million followers by January Together, nine of its accounts had accrued roughly 7. The most popular among them was news. Passing the million mark is a notable but by no means unique achievement, with Daily Mail Australia commanding nearly five million followers, and ABC News roughly 4.
Illustrating the appeal of video content on social media, the bulk of accounts with more than 1 million followers belonged to television networks, especially those of Seven West and Nine Entertainment. Fact Check has also considered Facebook shares over the six months to January In total, the data shows, posts by official News Corp accounts were shared more than 4.
Topping the list was Sky News Australia, whose posts were shared 2. The majority of accounts with more than , shares over the previous half year were ABC and Seven West accounts with a local news focus.
Fact Check has limited its analysis of Australian YouTube accounts to major digital-only and television news producers, due to the platform's focus on video. Data from the analytics site Social Blade shows that Sky News Australia's YouTube channel had more than a million subscribers at the start of , having doubled its following in just six months. It's worth reiterating that the data does not show whether it is Australians watching, and therefore whether this has any bearing on Australian democracy.
However, News Corp has likely benefitted from YouTube's decision to boost content from mainstream news channels in a bid to combat misinformation. QUT Professor Jean Burgess told Fact Check that the policy "means that simply by virtue of owning a large number of media outlets, it is possible that Murdoch outlets will have an outsized influence on an Australian consumer's access to media on controversial topics via YouTube".
When it comes to radio, Mr Murdoch is a minority company shareholder in a market where ownership is somewhat more diverse than in print.
In addition, Australian Radio Network and Nova have a joint venture which owns one station in Brisbane and one in Perth. Fact Check has analysed data from the Australian Media and Communications Authority's media control database , which covers all commercial radio stations that broadcast over radio spectrum. But Southern Cross Austereo had the largest footprint among the commercial operators, with 15 per cent of stations.
Fact Check has examined its results for cumulative listeners, or the number of different listeners reached by each station. ARN's stations also cracked the top three for cumulative reach in four of the five cities, although the same could be said of its rival Southern Cross Austereo. Birth date: March 11, Birth place: Melbourne, Australia. Birth name: Keith Rupert Murdoch. Read More. Father: Keith Murdoch, journalist and newspaper publisher.
Mother: Elisabeth Greene Murdoch, philanthropist. Education: Worcester College, Oxford University, Other Facts. Founder of News Corporation, Ltd. Murdoch has been compared to William Randolph Hearst, who is often considered the founder of tabloid-style journalism. Also acquires The Sun, which he transforms into a tabloid. September - Becomes a naturalized citizen of the United States.
March - Murdoch's son, James, is named News Corp. James warily agreed to the terms, but the question of succession was not fully resolved. The news coverage of their promotions made no distinction between the seniority of their respective positions: Publicly at least, James was still seen as the heir apparent. In early , Murdoch got a call from Ivanka Trump, proposing lunch with her and her father.
They met soon after in the corporate dining room of the Fox News building in Midtown Manhattan. Just as the first course was being served, Trump told Murdoch that he was going to run for president. Murdoch was deeply entwined with the Trump family. She relinquished her role as a trustee in Roger Ailes, the longtime head of Fox News, was no more generous, at least when Trump was out of earshot.
Ailes had even written Trump an email asking what he could do to help him. After scrawling an enthusiastic note on top, Trump sent a printout of that email to his campaign manager, Corey Lewandowski. Baier dropped his membership when it became clear that Trump was likely to run for the presidency. The Murdoch formula was to deliver the enthusiasm of reactionary readers and viewers to chosen candidates, but Trump was already generating plenty of enthusiasm on his own.
If these supporters had to choose between Trump and Fox, Ailes might not like the results. At the same time, a new crop of right-wing outlets — Breitbart, Gateway Pundit, One America News, Sinclair — were embracing his candidacy, and mainstream broadcasters were no less aware of what he could do for their ratings.
Six months later, on the eve of another Republican debate in Des Moines, which Trump was boycotting because Kelly was once again moderating, Ailes tried desperately to persuade Trump to change his mind. His hopes were dashed when Trump called him from the tarmac in Iowa to refuse, having just watched the Fox News contributor Charles Krauthammer mock him on the network.
Even as Trump gained momentum, Murdoch continued to look for alternatives. Having worked for the Clinton Climate Initiative, she knew both the Clintons and their inner circle of advisers and hoped Murdoch might consider an endorsement, or at least commit to staying neutral.
The idea was not so far-fetched. Murdoch had, after all, backed Tony Blair, a Clinton-style Labor Party centrist, and had once even hosted a Senate fund-raiser for Hillary. In fact, he called Clinton personally, leaving a message at her campaign headquarters. Clinton called back almost immediately but declined his invitation to meet with him.
A spokesman for Clinton did not respond to a request for comment. During the primaries, Trump honed his political identity, railing against military intervention, free trade and immigration. As the Republican nominating process progressed, this populist, anti-establishment energy was unmistakably coalescing around Trump. By March , Donald Trump, the man Murdoch had so quickly dismissed a year earlier, was now the clear front-runner, and Murdoch was taking his first tentative steps toward embracing him.
Across the Atlantic, a similar right-wing wave was threatening to drive Britain out of the European Union. Murdoch had a hand in that as well. His most influential tabloid, The Sun, had long been advocating for an exit from the E.
Murdoch denied this, too. As the summer of approached, that referendum was finally coming. But in , Brexit proponents could scan the globe and see cause for optimism. In the weeks leading up to the vote, The Sun led the London tabloids in hammering the case for leaving the European Union. How much influence he still wielded in British politics was an open question. Murdoch had effectively been chased out of London five years earlier in the wake of the biggest crisis of his career: the revelations that his News of the World tabloid had, in search of dirt, been systematically hacking into the phones of politicians, celebrities, royals and even a year-old schoolgirl.
The scandal that followed , itself fit for tabloid headlines, would permanently alter the course of both the family and its empire. Andy Coulson, a former Murdoch editor who had gone to work for Prime Minister David Cameron, was sent to prison for encouraging his reporters to engage in illegal practices.
In a futile effort at damage control, the company spent millions of dollars settling claims from hacking victims. James denied knowing that the phone-hacking was widespread but was publicly confronted with an email he was sent in alerting him to the potential severity of the problem. It was a corporate scandal, but because of the nature of this corporation, it was also a family matter.
James blamed his father for having allowed the freebooting, anything-goes culture to take root at the paper and for forcing him to absorb so much of the blame for the scandal, when the hacking itself took place before he took charge. For his part, Murdoch blamed James for surrounding himself with feckless, sycophantic advisers who failed to neutralize the crisis when it still could have been contained. Elisabeth, having long been out of the succession mix, reinserted herself, urging her father to fire James and replace him with her, four people familiar with the conversations told us.
Murdoch agreed to fire James but reversed his decision before it became public. Lachlan used the opportunity to play the family savior in a time of crisis, calling his father from Bangkok — en route to Britain from Australia — to urge him not to do anything rash. His presence appeared to be an instant comfort to his father. The public shaming did not end with the scandal — a worldwide news event for months — or the interrogation by Parliament. The resulting document, the Leveson Report , depicted a country in which a single family had amassed so much power that it had come to feel that the rules did not apply to them.
By the time the Leveson Report was released in , Murdoch had shut down The News of the World and was keeping a low profile in Britain. Several factors accounted for his return in , including his recent marriage to his fourth wife, Jerry Hall. They met in Australia, where Hall was playing Mrs. Murdoch flew in to London from Cannes for the vote and soon visited the newsroom of the anti-Brexit Times to gloat, joking to his reporters about their glum faces.
The referendum represented the realization of a long-deferred dream for Murdoch. But it also returned him to a position of influence in British politics that seemed inconceivable just a few years earlier. Not only had The Sun played a critical role in delivering the Brexit vote, but in the ensuing political upheaval, it had swung behind Theresa May, helping ensure her election as prime minister. Once in office, she found time for a private meeting with Murdoch on one of her first foreign trips: a less-thanhour visit to New York to address the United Nations.
Photographers captured them riding off in a golf cart, with Trump at the wheel and Murdoch lounging in the back. The summer of was a good time to be a network with a dedicated audience of right-wing viewers.
It was James and Lachlan who teamed up to push Ailes out, over the initial objections of their father. Ailes was another rare subject on which the two sons agreed, though they disliked him for different reasons. Lachlan had clashed repeatedly with Ailes early in his career in New York. He wanted to bring in an experienced news executive who would reposition it as a more responsible, if still conservative, outlet — one whose hosts would no longer be free to vent without adhering to basic standards of accuracy, fairness and, as he saw it, decency.
One candidate he had in mind was David Rhodes. Both Murdoch and Lachlan dismissed the idea. They wanted continuity, not change. Like his father, Lachlan considered the idea of meddling with such an important profit driver a form of madness. Rather than replace Ailes with a new executive, Murdoch moved into his office and took over the job himself, a short-term solution intended to reassure both shareholders and talent.
During the final stretch of the campaign, Fox cut back appearances by anti-Trump analysts and contributors and added pro-Trump ones, while also ramping up its attacks on Hillary Clinton. Sean Hannity built shows around the same sorts of false claims that were circulating on far-right internet sites and suspected Russian social media accounts, suggesting that Clinton was suffering from a possibly life-threatening illness and that one of her Secret Service agents was carrying a diazepam pen, which is commonly used to treat seizures.
It was actually a flashlight.
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