Call EvergreenHealth Hand Surgery at Set Your Location. Share this page. Hand and Finger Bones The technical names for hand bones and finger bones are the metacarpals and phalanges. Finger Metacarpals The metacarpals of the fingers make up the bone structure of most of the hand. Proximal Phalanges The proximal phalanx of the fingers is the proximal, or first bone, in the fingers when counting from the hand to the tip of the finger. There are three phalanges in each finger. Middle Phalanges The middle phalanx of the finger is the middle or second of the three bones in each finger when counting from the hand to the tip of the finger.
Distal Phalanges The distal phalanx of the finger is the distal or third of the three bones in each finger when counting from the hand to the tip of the finger. The distal phalanx has a joint just with the middle phalanx. The distal phalanx is also important for supporting the fingernail. Thumb Metacarpal The thumb metacarpal is similar in shape to the metacarpals of the fingers, but it is thicker.
The thumb metacarpal has significantly more motion than the other metacarpals. The human hand has 27 bones: the carpals or wrist accounts for 8; the metacarpals or palm contains five; the remaining fourteen are digital bones; fingers and thumb.
The palm has five bones known as metacarpal bones, one to each of the 5 digits. These metacarpals have a head, a shaft, and a base. Human hands contain fourteen digital bones, also called phalanges, or phalanx bones: two in the thumb the thumb has no middle phalanx and three in each of the four fingers. These are the distal phalanx, carrying the nail, the middle phalanx, and the proximal phalanx. Sesamoid bones are small ossified nodes embedded in the tendons to provide extra leverage and reduce pressure on the underlying tissue.
Many exist around the palm at the bases of the digits; the exact number varies between different people. The articulation of the human hand is more complex and delicate than that of comparable organs in any other animal. Without this extra articulation, we would not be able to operate a wide variety of tools and devices, nor achieve the wide variety of possible hand gestures.
While hand and wrist injuries are very common, some athletes never seek treatment. The scaphoid rotates at this joint as you move the wrist. This joint can become arthritic. Treatment of arthritis in this joint can include removal of the scaphoid, removal of the trapezium and part of the trapezoid, or arthrodesis also known as fusion.
The ulnohumeral joint is formed by the coming together of the humerus and ulna bones. This joint is responsible for bending and extending the elbow. Ulnohumeral arthritis can cause pain and make it difficult to bend and straighten the elbow.
This can make it painful and difficult to the get the hand to the mouth, wash hair, or hold a phone to your ear. The radiocapitellar joint is formed by the coming together of the radius and the capitellum, which is a part of the humerus. Radiocapitellar problems often lead to a clicking sound and pain when rotating the elbow. Pronation and supination occur at this joint, which is the act of rotating your palms to face upward and downward.
Radial head fractures often disrupt the close fit between the two bones at the proximal radioulnar joint, leading to pain and loss of motion. The glenohumeral joint is the coming together of the upper arm bone, the humerus, and a portion of the shoulder blade called the glenoid.
The glenoid is a shallow cup that connects to the humerus. The shoulder has a great deal of motion including bending and straightening, moving away from the side of the body, moving toward the body, and circumduction a spinning type of motion.
Common problems with this joint include stiffness, dislocation, labral tears, bursitis, rotator cuff tears, long head of biceps tendonitis or tears, subacromial impingement, proximal humeral fractures, and arthritis.
The AC joint is a smaller joint associated with the shoulder. The acromium is part of the scapula shoulder blade and the clavicle also called the collarbone. The AC joint is where the scapula and clavicle come together. There are three major ligaments, the acro-mioclavicular, coracoacromial, coracoclavicular. This joint is involved with raising and lowering the arm and moving the arm forward and backward. An AC separation is a common injury of this joint which occurs from a fall or a direct blow to the shoulder.
Many shoulder separations are treated without surgery, but some may require surgery to reconstruct the coracoacromial or coracoclavicular ligaments. Osteoarthritis is also common and can be treated sometimes with surgery.
The sternoclavicular joint is the junction of the sternum breastbone and clavicle collarbone. There is an articular disc of fibrocartilage within the joint. The motion of this joint permits the clavicle to move up and down and front to back. There are no tendons that attach to this joint area. A posterior back SC joint dislocation can be a serious injury and puts vital structures at risk such as the heart, aorta, superior vena cava, esophagus, and trachea. Anterior front dislocations can also occur and are often somewhat less serious, but can cause pain and clicking.
It becomes stiff easily after injury and has very limited side to side motion. MP joints are important for both power grip and pinch activities and are where the fingers move with respect to the hand. Common problems at the MCP joint includes arthritis and collateral ligament injuries. Wrist Joints Radiocarpal Joint The radiocarpal joint consists of the radius, one of the forearm bones, and the first row of wrist bones consisting of the scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum.
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